Overview
SQL injection is a type of cyberattack where an attacker inserts malicious code into an application’s input fields to manipulate the underlying database. The attacker tricks the application into executing unauthorised database queries, which can expose, modify, or delete sensitive data. For businesses that depend on web applications and databases, SQL injection remains one of the most damaging and common vulnerabilities.
How It Works
Web applications often accept user input to search, filter, or submit information. If that input is not properly validated or parameterised, an attacker can send specially crafted SQL fragments that the database executes. Simple examples include appending SQL commands to a login form to bypass authentication or to dump an entire table of customer records.
Business Impact
A successful SQL injection can lead to data breaches, regulatory fines, service outages, and reputational damage. Retailers, financial services, healthcare providers, and SaaS vendors are particularly at risk because they store personal and transactional data. The cost of recovery includes forensic investigation, customer notification, legal exposure, and remediation work.
Mitigation And Best Practices
Use parameterised queries or prepared statements instead of building SQL with string concatenation. Validate and sanitise all user input. Apply the principle of least privilege to database accounts so applications have only the permissions they need. Run regular code reviews and dynamic application security tests. Maintain timely patching of database engines and frameworks.
Considerations
Preventing SQL injection is primarily a development and testing responsibility. Security teams should include application testing in procurement criteria and require vendors to demonstrate secure coding practices.
