Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology that allows both electrical power and data to be delivered over a single Ethernet cable. It simplifies network design by removing the need for separate power supplies or electrical wiring for devices such as wireless access points, IP cameras, and VoIP phones.
How It Works
PoE-enabled switches or injectors send electrical current through the same cables that carry network data. The receiving device—called a powered device (PD)—extracts this power to operate without needing a separate adapter. PoE follows standards defined by the IEEE, including:
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IEEE 802.3af (PoE): Provides up to 15.4 watts per port.
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IEEE 802.3at (PoE+): Increases power delivery to 30 watts per port.
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IEEE 802.3bt (PoE++): Extends power up to 60 or 90 watts, supporting devices such as pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras and advanced Wi-Fi 6/6E access points.
This approach enables devices to be installed in locations without access to power outlets, such as ceilings or outdoor areas, while maintaining a clean and efficient setup.
Business Applications
PoE is widely adopted across industries because it reduces installation costs, increases flexibility, and supports scalability.
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Offices and campuses: Powering Wi-Fi access points, IP phones, and surveillance systems.
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Smart buildings: Supporting IoT devices, lighting systems, and environmental sensors.
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Retail and hospitality: Simplifying device deployment across large floor areas.
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Industrial environments: Enabling remote sensors and access control systems.
PoE also plays a role in digital transformation by supporting edge computing, automation, and intelligent building designs.
Considerations
While PoE simplifies deployment, network infrastructure must be designed for adequate power capacity and cable quality. Higher power applications require Cat6 or Cat6A cabling and well-ventilated switch enclosures. Managed PoE switches allow monitoring of power usage and remote control of connected devices.
